Coordinators

Coordinators connect elements of equal importance.
S + V , but
S + V
(and, but, so, or, nor, for*, yet)

S + V and V

S and S + V

N and N

Adj. and Adj.

Phrase and Phrase

Can be used in a series: A, B, C, or D

Subordinators

Subordinators connect elements of unequal importance. One clause is not as
strong as the other.
S + V although S + V
(although, even though, because, since*,

when, while, before*, after*, whenever,

wherever*, if, unless, whether?[or not]

as, as [adjective] as, so that, whereas

anywhere*, anytime*)

Although S + V , S + V

Sentence Connectors

Sentence Connectors connect paragraphs or show relationship between very
different ideas.
S + V . However, S + V
(however, therefore, thus, moreover,

nevertheless, first*, then*, next*, still*

S + V ; however, S + V
besides, consequently, furthermore)

Prepositions

Prepositions show relationship among elements of a sentence.
They are followed by noun phrases only and cannot take on a S + V.
S + V (prep. phrase)
(during, after*, before*, in, on, at

despite, in spite of, for*, since*, by

(Prep. phrase), S + V
like, except, but*, about, to*, from

between [A and B], among, with

(Prep. phrase) V + S (unusual)
within, without, beside, near, next to)

Sentence Structure and Punctuation

Basic English Sentence Structures

S - V
S - V - O
S - V - IO - DO Jack is sleeping.
Jack ate an apple.
Jack gave Jill a ring. S - LV - Adj.
S - LV - Adv
S - LV - Noun Jack is sick.
Jack is here.
Jack is a doctor.

Combinations: One verb or one subject (no comma)

S V
S and S V

S V and V

S V O and O

S and S V O and O
Jack is drinking.
Jack and Jill are drinking.

Jack is eating and drinking.

Jack drinks coffee and tea.

Jack and Jill drink tea and coffee.

Combinations: Two subjects, two verbs
Subordination (One idea is stronger.)

Jack drinks coffee although Jill drinks tea. (without a comma)

Although Jack drinks coffee, Jill drinks tea. (with a comma)

Coordination (equal ideas, with coordinator: and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet)
Jack is drinking, and Jill is eating. (A comma [,] is needed here.)

Jack drinks coffee, but Jill drinks tea. (closest connection between ideas)

Closely related ideas (without coordinator)
Jack drinks coffee; Jill drinks tea. (A semi-colon [;] is used here.)

Jack drinks coffee; however, Jill drinks tea. (with a sentence connector)

Separate sentences (strongest break between ideas)
Jack drinks coffee. Jill drinks tea. (Use a period [.] to separate complete sentences.)

Jack drinks coffee. However, Jill drinks tea. (with a sentence connector)
Jack drinks coffee. Jill, however, drinks tea. (variation)

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