Clauses consist of a Subject and Verb and sometimes a subordinating conjunction.

Roger went to j__an last summer. (Independent clause

After he went to j__an, Roger went to Korea.Adverbial clause)

Roger is the man who went to j__an last summer. (Relative clause)

Whoever went to j__an had a great time.(Noun clause)

Phrases are groups of words without a complete subject or verb.

After j__an, Roger went to Korea. (Prepositional phrase)

After going to j__an, Roger went to Korea.Participial phrase)

Having gone to j__an, Roger went to Korea.(Participial phrase)

Some clauses can be reduced to phrases by omitting certain words:

The man who is going to j__an is Roger.(Relative clause)
The man going to j__an is Roger.Reduced)

"When he was traveling to j__an, Roger met Lori.(Adverbial clause)

When traveling to j__an, Roger met Lori.Reduced)

When he was in j__an, Roger ate sashimi. (Adverbial clause)

When in j__an, Roger ate sashimi. (Reduced)

In j__an, Roger ate sashimi.(Prepositional phrase)

See also:
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